Semantics was a department from linguistics which degree throughout the meaning within the language. Eventually, semantics questions the analysis of meaning. There is family relations among a term and the other terminology for the semantics. It’s called definition relation. Basically, the main out-of meaning loved ones contains four biggest industries, such synonymy, antonymy, polisemy, and you will hyponymy. Synonymy inquiries the fresh sameness away from meaning, while antonymy questions the latest oppositeness of meaning. The focus here is into the antonymy which has a sense of family members, and additionally synonymy. Feel ‘s the meaning of term, particularly the conceptual definition in which it is usually based on definition of brand new lexical goods that come in dictionaries.
In such a case, there isn’t any eg natural requisite to make an elementary of something to say with what values they must be put
Antonymy is oppositeness from definition between a phrase and most other term or among conditions in the same section of message, instance a great-crappy (adjective-adjective) and you may punctual-more sluggish (adverb-adverb). Considering Lyons () exactly who states one to antonymy covers the brand new relatives ranging from lexical activities whoever meanings stand in datingranking.net/pl/abdlmatch-recenzja resistance to one another and it is often understood to be the contrary off synonymy. There are 2 things that will be explore here ; about three types of antonymy and you will condition from inside the distinguishing the type of antonymy.
- Gradable Antonymy
Discover about three qualities regarding gradable antonymy
This form makes reference to something that are counted and you will in contrast to something else entirely. As an example, when the a trailer can also be focus on 260 km/hr additionally the other one could focus on 2 hundred kilometer/time, the first vehicle is fast therefore the most other a person is sluggish. This type ‘s the commonest kind of antonymy. Gradable antonymy works with the amount of words, it means that there’s things/one thing ranging from. By way of example, the only can say today is not sexy, it might indicate now isn’t cooler. There was size or area can be found ranging from gorgeous and you will cool, it’s warm. Others samples of gradable antonymy are given lower than :
First, given that title means, he could be gradable. This new members of some disagree when it comes to degree. It is about the rationale above. If the one thing is not Good, then it’s not simply B, it can be C or D or Elizabeth otherwise etcetera. It might simply be “so-so” otherwise “average”. To make them become awesome, they may be modified because of the “very”. Things is quite beautiful or very cold. Plus they possess comparative and you may superlative amount. Sometimes the new advanced degrees can be lexicalized. They are expressed by separate terms instead of by the addition of modifiers. Such as for instance, the phrase to the size which is neither larger nor short try typical. And you will between them extremes out of heat sensuous and cool, there are warm and you will chill, and that setting a pair of antonyms by themselves, and can even has a deeper intermediate identity warm.
Next, that it antonymy are graded up against additional norms. There isn’t any sheer standard whereby we possibly may say anything try moist or inactive, long otherwise brief, small or big. The new standards may differ toward target demonstrated. An enormous ant is really much smaller compared to a small planes. A microwave oven try giant from the standard of microorganism.
The third, that frequently one is designated as well as the almost every other unmarked off gradable antonymy. The unmarked user is far more natural as compared to noted one to and you may it’s included in inquiries off knowledge. For example, we ask “What age have you been?” instead of” Just how more youthful have you been? “; “How long is it?” in lieu of “Just how quick try it’?” Ergo dated and you may a lot of time will be unmarked people in old/young and you can much time/brief. Of your antonymous pair hot/cold, gorgeous try une trend, big try unmarked and you will quick designated; extreme was unmarked and you will quick unmarked.